Viscose is a fabric known for its softness, comfort, and versatility. But its sustainability remains a hot topic. Some praise its plant-based origins, while others question the environmental costs of its production. This guide explores everything you need to know about viscose, from how it’s made to how sustainable it really is. Whether you’re looking for eco-friendly clothing or want to make informed purchases, this guide is for you.
What is viscose fabric?
The origin and composition of viscose
Viscose is a semi-synthetic fibre made from cellulose, typically derived from wood pulp. Manufacturers chemically process the cellulose to create soft, breathable fabric. Viscose is widely used in clothing, upholstery, and accessories. It’s often referred to as rayon in some regions, though not all rayon is viscose.
How viscose differs from rayon and lyocell
Viscose is a type of rayon, but it’s not the only one. Modal and lyocell are other types, differing in production processes and environmental impact. Lyocell, for instance, is made using a closed-loop system, which is more sustainable.
The manufacturing process
How viscose is made
Viscose production starts with wood pulp from trees like eucalyptus, beech, or spruce. The pulp is treated with chemicals such as sodium hydroxide and carbon disulphide to extract the cellulose. This mixture is then spun into threads or fibres.
Chemical use and associated risks
The process uses toxic chemicals, which can harm workers and the environment if not managed properly. Factories that don’t adopt stringent safety measures risk releasing harmful substances into water and soil.
Is viscose sustainable?
Environmental impact of production
The production of viscose raises several environmental concerns. Deforestation is a major issue, as trees are felled to source wood pulp. Additionally, the process is water- and energy-intensive.
Deforestation and raw material sourcing
Unsustainable sourcing of wood pulp contributes to deforestation. This threatens ecosystems and increases carbon emissions. However, brands using responsibly managed forests can help mitigate these issues.
Water and energy consumption
Viscose production requires significant water usage, contributing to water scarcity in some regions. Its energy demands further add to its environmental footprint.
Improvements in sustainable production
The rise of closed-loop manufacturing systems
A closed-loop system captures and reuses chemicals during production. This reduces environmental harm and improves safety. Some companies have adopted this method, making their viscose more eco-friendly.
Sustainable sourcing and certifications
Look for certifications like FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) and PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification). These ensure wood pulp is sourced responsibly.
Examples of sustainable viscose brands
Brands like Lenzing and others prioritise sustainable viscose production. They often use renewable energy and comply with strict environmental standards .
Comparing viscose to other fabrics
Viscose vs. cotton: pros and cons
Viscose is less water-intensive than cotton, which requires vast amounts of water to grow. However, cotton doesn’t rely on chemical processing, making it less harmful in some aspects.
Viscose vs. synthetic fabrics: key differences
Unlike polyester or nylon, viscose is biodegradable. However, synthetics are often more durable, reducing waste from damaged garments.
Modal and lyocell: sustainable alternatives
Modal and lyocell are similar to viscose but are often made using eco-friendlier processes. Lyocell, for example, is produced in a closed-loop system and uses less harmful chemicals.
Advantages of viscose fabric
Comfort and versatility in fashion
Viscose is lightweight, breathable, and moisture-absorbent. It drapes beautifully and holds dye well, making it a favourite in fashion.
Biodegradability under certain conditions
Unlike synthetic fabrics, viscose can biodegrade in the right conditions. This reduces its long-term environmental impact .
Challenges of viscose for consumers
Longevity and maintenance issues
Viscose is prone to shrinking and wrinkling. Proper care is essential to maintain its quality.
Identifying truly sustainable products
Not all viscose is made sustainably. Certifications and transparency from brands can help you make informed choices .
Tips for sustainability-conscious shoppers
Certifications to look for
Seek garments with FSC or PEFC labels. These certifications ensure responsible sourcing.
Supporting ethical brands
Research brands that use sustainable production methods. Transparency about their processes is a good indicator.
Caring for viscose garments sustainably
Wash viscose on a gentle cycle and air dry to extend its life. Avoid high heat, which can damage the fibres .
The future of viscose
Innovations in eco-friendly production
Closed-loop systems and alternative chemicals are promising innovations. These advancements aim to reduce viscose’s environmental impact.
Industry commitments to sustainable practices
Many brands are pledging to improve their sustainability. Supporting these efforts can drive industry-wide change .
FAQs about viscose fabric
Can viscose be fully sustainable?
Not yet, but innovations like closed-loop systems and responsible sourcing are improving its sustainability.
What’s the difference between viscose and rayon?
Viscose is a type of rayon. Modal and lyocell are other types with different production methods.
How to care for viscose sustainably?
Follow care labels, use a gentle wash, and air dry to preserve its quality.
Is viscose better for the environment than synthetics?
It’s biodegradable, unlike synthetic fabrics, but its production is still environmentally challenging.
Are there fully sustainable alternatives to viscose?
Lyocell and modal are more sustainable options, produced with fewer environmental impacts.
Quick takeaways
- Viscose is a soft, versatile fabric made from wood pulp.
- Its production involves chemicals, raising environmental concerns.
- Closed-loop systems and certifications improve sustainability.
- Sustainable shopping requires awareness of certifications and brand practices.
- Modal and lyocell are better alternatives to traditional viscose.
Conclusion
Viscose is a popular choice for its comfort and style, but its environmental impact cannot be ignored. By choosing certified products and supporting sustainable brands, you can make a difference. The fashion industry is evolving, and your choices can encourage further improvements. Next time you shop, look for certifications and ask brands about their practices. Together, we can make fashion greener.
